Kitchen Design (ILC)

Kitchens Meeting Everyone’s Needs

Whether you are looking for information on modifying a kitchen for a church hall or designing a workplace staffroom, aiming to meet multiple user’s needs can be a challenge. There are general principles, which can help achieve a kitchen that can be accessible for most of the population. The two Australian Standards which can be useful for reference are AS 1428.2 – 1992 and AS 4299 – 1995.

The most important features of design are

  • Adequate space for moving around the kitchen
  • Work surfaces at an suitable height
  • Adequate storage at a suitable height
  • Appropriate kitchen appliances
  • Easy to use handles, knobs and controls.
  • Easy access to kitchen waste disposal facilities
  • Kitchen Layout

  • An L-shaped or U-shaped layout is preferable.
  • The minimum comfortable manoeuvring space for a wheelchair user is a 1500mm-diameter circle.
  • This area of workspace will also provide a comfortable work area for everyone.
  • If this amount of space is unavailable narrow cupboards with wider bench tops may provide the knee space required.
  • Foot recesses of at least 200mm high and 150mm deep provided under cupboards are required to accommodate footplates.
  • Choice of mmaterials

  • Materials selected should be easy to clean, durable and stain resistant.
  • Colour contrast is most important for anyone with vision impairment.
  • Choose anti glare surfaces and colours that provide a 30% luminance contrast with each other.
  • Contrast bench tops to cupboards and power points to their background. Horizontal surfaces should be a lighter colour than vertical surfaces.
  • Choose appliances where the control buttons and the background have strong contrasting colours.
  • Words and pictures on controls should be large, simple and contrasting.
  • A section of heat resistant material next to the hotplates can be useful for anyone to slide pots off the cook top.
  • Worktops

  • Standing adults generally prefer bench heights of 850mm to 900mm.
  • People in wheelchairs prefer 700mm to 850mm. A compromise height of 850mm can be found however other solutions are possible.
  • Consider providing work surfaces at different heights, pull out worktops and adjustable height worktops.
  • These should be fitted with handles and be heat resistant.
  • A stop should be incorporated for safety.
  • A bench depth of 600mm is generally suitable, however for people in wheelchairs and anyone with limited reach this width can pose difficulties with reaching objects at the back of the bench and cleaning.
  • Unbroken bench tops for sliding items from one area to another promotes safety and independence. As a minimum provide a sequence between sink and cook top. Bench edges should be rounded for safety.
  • At least one work surface should provide a clear opening of 820mm underneath to allow for the front approach of a wheelchair.
  • Providing some under bench knee space for sitting on a stool while preparing food can be helpful for anyone with limited standing tolerance.
  • Sinks

  • The sink should be centrally placed in the kitchen plan.
  • If suitable placing the sink in a corner can be a good use of space.
  • The disposal of rubbish and the dishwasher should both be easy to reach from the sink position.
  • Standing adults and wheelchair users will prefer the sink at different heights.
  • Solutions include finding a compromise height, an adjustable sink can be fitted or consider two sinks at different heights if space permits.
  • A shallow sink no deeper than 150mm in depth, provides greater knee space under the sink for wheelchair users, as does the selection of a P-trap with all waste pipes located against the back wall.
  • The underside of the bowl and any pipes should be insulated to protect users from risk of burns.
  • A narrow sink is suitable for people with limited reach.
  • Consider installing taps closer to the front or choose a sink with the mixer tap on the side.
  • Storage

  • Food, dishes and cooking implements need to be within easy reach.
  • Our previous press release on kitchen storage covered some good ideas and our display kitchen at the centre has several storage solutions on display.
  • As a rule drawers and slide out baskets are preferred over large cupboards.
  • Rotating shelves are suitable for corners.
  • Mobile storage units, which can be kept under the bench, can be both efficient and practical.
  • Cupboard doors should be easy to open and close, unless they contain harmful chemicals that requires childproof latches or locks.
  • The items in a cupboard will be most accessible if the doors are hinged on extended hinges that open up to 180 degrees. Handles should preferably be D shaped.
  • Closing mechanisms should be soft roller catches, magnetic catches or self-closing hinges.
  • Taps

  • Rotating taps can be difficult for many people to operate.
  • Alternative options include extended lever taps, ceramic disk quarter turn taps, foot operated taps and infra red sensor taps.
  • Swivel spouts with a high reach are useful for filling pots easily.
  • Flooring

  • Choose a surface that is easy to keep clean and is slip resistant.
  • Ideally this flooring should be extended to the walls so that if a cupboard is removed to increase circulation space suitable flooring is in place.
  • Switches

  • Large rocker style switches for power and lights are most suitable.
  • Light switches should be located 1000mm from the floor.
  • Power outlets on rear walls can be inaccessible.
  • At least one double power outlet should be placed no more than 300mm from the front of the work surface.
  • Electrical Appliances

  • Separate wall mounted ovens can be more accessible as they can be installed at a height with the most used shelf in line with the bench top.
  • Select ovens with hinged doors opening away from the adjoining work surface. Hotplates should be arranged in a staggered or half moon layout.
  • They should be flush with work surfaces to permit sliding of pots.
  • Ceramic, convection and continuous trivet cook tops provide a flush work surface.
  • Microwave ovens should preferably be located at bench height.
  • The installation of an extractor fan with a light can improve visibility.
  • The most important factors when choosing a refrigerator are ease of opening and accessibility.
  • Consider a side by side refrigerator and freezer or a combination fridge/freezer with the freezer underneath.
  • Dishwashers may not fit under the lower bench top height and may need to be located at the end of a bench.
  • Check on the ease of opening and also the location on the soap dispenser prior to purchase.
  • Lighting

  • Kitchens should be well lit with an adequate, uniform level of room lighting.
  • Specific task lighting should be installed, particularly over the sink, cook tops and food preparation areas.
  • Blinds on windows for privacy and control of glare should be considered.For further information please contact the Independent Living Centre and one of our staff can discuss the options available to achieve a kitchen that is accessible to everybody.Information contained in this press release has been sourced from the following publications: Housing for Life. (2001). Master Builders Association of the ACT. Welcome – design ideas for accessible homes. (2002). Building Commission Victoria. Guide to Planning Kitchens and Bathrooms. (2003). Independent Living Centre NSW.Details of these publications are also available from Disability SA Independent Living Centre: www.ilc.asn.au/
  • *Source: Disability SA Independent Living Centre

     

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    Kitchen Gadgets (ILC)

    Kitchen and Mealtime Gadgets

    Working in the kitchen can be a great joy, but with the onset of injury, age or disability it can become increasingly frustrating as everyday tasks become more awkward to perform.

    The following gadgets and gismos are designed to make everyday kitchen tasks simpler and more achievable.

    Meal prep: Preparing meals can be challenging if you no longer have full working use of both hands. Some suggestions for working around this include:

    * A kettle tipper which holds the jug/kettle in place and can be pushed or tipped on its frame (rather than lifted) to pour a drink
    * A pan handle holder which attaches to a stove top via a magnet or suction cups and stabilises the saucepan handle to eliminate movement when stirring.
    * Suction cups or non slip matting attached or placed under items such as mixing bowls, chopping boards or food plates to assist in holding them in place.
    * Rust proof spikes fixed into a chopping board to hold food in place while it is being chopped or peeled. Raised edging along the chopping board to act as a stabiliser when buttering bread.

    Other useful kitchen aids include:

    * Bottle and jar openers including models designed to provide extra grip and leverage when opening ring pull cans, soft drink and juice bottles, and child proof pill bottles.
    * Can openers; manual, wall mounted or electric.
    * Devices to assist in taking the strain off hands and fingers when carrying shopping bags.
    * Long handled reachers to assist with cleaning the back of the oven, pushing in/pulling out oven racks, reaching and turning a hard to get stove knob, or grabbing a tin out from the back of the cupboard.
    * If decreased vision is an issue a talking kitchen scale or liquid level indicator which makes a buzzing sound when the liquid nears the top of the cup.
    * A tray mobile for carrying heavy items between the kitchen and the dining table.
    * Cooking utensils with larger built up handles and/or moulded grips for decreased hand strength or dexterity.
    * Vegetable peelers with larger, contoured grips or angled blades.
    * A right angled knife for food preparation. These keep the wrist in a more neutral position and encourage sawing action for cutting. This encourages the use of the larger, stronger arm muscles and taking some of the strain off the small joints of the hand.

    Mealtime: There is a range of adaptive equipment which may assist during mealtime, including:

    Cutlery:

    * Cutlery with larger built up handles and/or moulded grips. Foam tubing can be used to build up the handles of existing cutlery or utensils and is a cheaper alternative to purchasing new items.
    * Weighted cutlery may be used to provide additional control over unwanted tremors
    * Lightweight cutlery for decreased hand strength.
    * Cutlery coated with a soft plastic to protect the teeth of users who have a strong biting reflex.
    * Deeper bowls and angled cutlery heads for decreased movement of the shoulders, wrists and /or arms
    * If eating with only one hand, a rocker knife or combination cutlery (i.e. a spoon combined with a fork or fork with a knife) may be of use. If using the combined cutlery it is important to be aware of sharp edges if there is decreased sensation in the mouth or shaky movements of the hand.
    * An adjustable hand strap for holding utensils without using fingers. The strap wraps around the palm of the hand and the cutlery slides into a little pouch on the side.

    Plates:

    * Adding suction cups or non slip matting to the bottom of a plate to hold it in place when eating.
    * A plate with a raised edge, or adding a clip on plate guard to the side of a flat plate, to prevent food from slipping off the side of the plate, or if only using one utensil to eat with, to provide a solid edge to push food up against.
    * Some plates have in build heat retaining systems to help keep food warm for slower eaters.

    Cups:

    * Cups with two handles to provide extra stability.
    * Cups with cut out sections for the nose to assist if the user can not tip their head back to drink.
    * Cups with larger, moulded handles.
    * A feeder spout can eliminate any chance of spills and help direct liquid to the mouth.
    * Plastic cups are slow to conduct heat and may be useful for decreased hand sensation.
    * An insulated cup to keep liquid warm for slow drinkers.
    * A cup with a weight in the bottom to improve control in the case of hand tremors. However users need to be aware of increased fatigue with the increased load.
    * Straws with a non-return valve to prevent the liquid from draining back into the cup.

    Other things to consider:
    Sometimes the environment we work in can be just as significant as the gadgets that we use and it is important to keep this in mind. Consider the layout of the kitchen, such as the location of cooking utensils and food items, the height of benches and work surfaces. Think about where people will be eating and how the food and utensils will be taken there. Could a tray mobile be of assistance? Could re-arranging the location of heavy, frequently used items assist?

    For further information on kitchen gadgets, kitchen layout and design or to make an appointment to view the large range of kitchen and mealtime gadgets on display, please contact the Independent Living Centre: www.ilc.asn.au/

    *Source: Disability SA Independent Living Centre

     

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